- How To View Network Requests On App Mac Download
- How To View Network Requests On App Mac Computer
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In this article, we’ll discuss how you can use the
URLSession
suite of components, classes and functions to make HTTP GET and POST network requests. You’ll learn how to validate response data, and how to add additional parameters like headers to requests.- 'The network password needs to be 40bits or 104 bits depending on your network configuration. This can be entered as 5 or 13 ascii characters or 10 or 26 hexadecimal characters.' My understanding is that Windows doesn't understand the Mac password, so I need something that starts with BAC or similar.
- Both PCs and the iMac are already in a workgroup together called PC-MAC. I see icons in Windows network interface showing every device on the network, including the router; on the iMac I have no icons when browsing the network (until after I connect manually to a PC). Also the username and password are the same on all 3 computers.
Almost every app will communicate with the internet at some point. How does that work? And what Swift code can you use to make HTTP networking requests?
Fetching and downloading data from and to webservices is a skill any pragmatic iOS developer must master, and
URLSession
offers a first-party best-in-class API to make networking requests.Works fairly well but keeps crashing and interferes with normal system behavior on my iMac. https://lfnahmo.weebly.com/is-there-a-google-calendar-desktop-app-for-mac.html. Most suitable for: Anyone using G Suite for Business, or using Google apps regularly. Mozilla sets the benchmark for web browsers.
Or, to see just the GET requests: “ ip.addr eq 192.168.1.143 and http.request.method eq 'GET' ” This is a useful tool to have in your toolbox, for those moments where you have less control over the application under test, but still want to observe the traffic in your testing.
Ready? Let’s go.
How Making HTTP Requests Works On iOS
Imagine you’re making a Twitter app. At some point, the app needs to request data from Twitter’s API. When a user views their timeline, you could use the Twitter API to get information about their tweets.
The Twitter API is a webservice that responds to HTTP(S) requests. On iOS, we can use the URL Loading System to configure and make HTTP requests. This is called networking, and it’s a staple in any modern iOS app – almost all apps communicate with servers on the internet, at some point.
Quick Note: From a security perspective, it’s important you get into the habit of defaulting to HTTPS, i.e. networking requests encrypted with SSL/TLS, when working with URLs. You can get SSL certificates for free via Let’s Encrypt.
Since iOS 7, the de facto way of making HTTP networking requests is by using a class called
URLSession
. The URLSession
class is actually part of a group of classes that work together to make and respond to HTTP requests.How To View Network Requests On App Mac Download
Many developers also rely on 3rd-party libraries, such as Alamofire, but you’ll soon find out that you don’t need to depend on a library for simple HTTP networking. The
URLSession
class has everything we need already.Here’s how the environment works:
- You use
URLSession
to create a session. You can think of a session as an open tab or window in your webbrowser, which groups together many HTTP requests over subsequent website visits. - The
URLSession
is used to createURLSessionTask
instances, which can fetch and return data to your app, and download and upload files to webservices. - You configure a session with a
URLSessionConfiguration
object. This configuration manages caching, cookies, connectivity and credentials. - To make a request, you create a data task, of class
URLSessionDataTask
, and you provide it with a URL, such ashttps://twitter.com/api/
, and a completion handler. This is a closure that’s executed when the request’s response is returned to your app. - When the completion handler is executed, you can inspect the returned data and take appropriate action, such as loading the data into a Tweet UI.
How To View Network Requests On App Mac Computer
You use a
URLSession
to make multiple subsequent requests, as URLSessionTask
instances. A task is always part of a session. The URLSession
also kinda functions like a factory that you use to set up and execute different URLSessionTask
s, based on the parameters you put in.Disk Utility will show the drives eligible for the RAID format you select. The app shows the disk, and underneath each disk is a list of the partitions on that device. (When you take the space of a. The RAID Utility application is in /Applications/Utilities/. You can open it from there anytime you want to reconfigure or check the status of the RAID components in your computer. You can also run RAID Utility from the Installer when you start up your computer using the Mac OS X or Mac OS X Server installation disc that comes with the computer. Mac raid utility app. Create a disk set using Disk Utility on Mac You can create a Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) set to optimize storage performance and increase reliability in case of a disk failure. You can also create a set that concatenates smaller disks to act as one larger disk. In the Disk Utility app on your Mac, choose File RAID Assistant.
With
URLSession
, we differentiate between three kinds of tasks:- Data tasks send and receive data with
URLSessionDataTask
, by usingNSData
objects. They’re the most common for webservice requests, for example when working with JSON. - Upload tasks send files to a webserver with
URLSessionUploadTask
. They’re similar to data tasks, butURLSessionUploadTask
instances can also upload data in the background (or when an app is suspended). - Download tasks download files from a webserver with
URLSessionDownloadTask
by directly writing to a temporary file. You can track the progress of file downloads, and pause and resume them.
Let’s get started with making a few networking requests with
URLSession
!The official Apple documentation for
URLSession
is extensive, but it’s not as organized as you’d want. A good starting point is URL Loading System, and subsequently reading linked articles, such as Fetching Website Data into Memory. And if you want a primer on how to make the most of Apple’s Developer Documentation, make sure to read How To Use Apple’s Developer Documentation For Fun And Profit.Learn how to build iOS apps
Get started with iOS 14 and Swift 5
Sign up for my iOS development course, and learn how to build great iOS 14 apps with Swift 5 and Xcode 12.
Fetching Data With URLSession
Let’s fetch some data with
URLSession
! Here’s what we’re going to do:- Set up the HTTP request with
URLSession
- Make the request with
URLSessionDataTask
- Quickly print the returned response data
- Properly validate the response data
- Convert the response data to
JSON
Set up the HTTP request with URLSession
First, we’ll need to set up the request we want to make. As discussed before, we’ll need a URL and a session. Like this:
The URL we’ll request is
https://learnappmaking.com/ex/users.json
. In the above code we’re initializing a url
constant of type URL
. The initializer we’re using is failable, but since we’re certain the URL is correct, we use force-unwrapping to deal with the optional.The
URLSession.shared
singleton is a reference to a shared URLSession
instance that has no configuration. It’s more limited than a session that’s initialized with a URLSessionConfiguration
object, but that’s OK for now.Make the request with URLSessionDataTask
Next, we’re going to create a data task with the
dataTask(with:completionHandler:)
function of URLSession
. Like this:A few things are happening here. First, note that we’re assigning the return value of
dataTask(with:completionHandler:)
to the task
constant. This is that data task, as discussed earlier, of type URLSessionDataTask
.The
dataTask(with:completionHandler:)
has two parameters: the request URL, and a completion handler. We’ve created that request URL earlier, so that’s easy.The completion handler is a bit more complicated. It’s a closure that’s executed when the request completes, so when a response has returned from the webserver. This can be any kind of response, including errors, timeouts, 404s, and actual JSON data.
The closure has three parameters: the response
Data
object, a URLResponse
object, and an Error
object. All of these closure parameters are optionals, so they can be nil
.Each of these parameters has a distinct purpose:
- We can use the
data
object, of typeData
, to check out what data we got back from the webserver, such as the JSON we’ve requested - The
response
object, of typeURLResponse
, can tell us more about the request’s response, such as its length, encoding, HTTP status code, return header fields, etcetera - The
error
object contains anError
object if an error occurred while making the request. When no error occurred, it’s simplynil
.
The nature of HTTP requests is flaky, to say the least. You’ll need to validate anything you get back: errors, expected HTTP status codes, malformed JSON, and so on. You could get a 200 OK response back, with HTML, even though you expected JSON. You’ll see how we deal with this, later on.
At this point, the network request hasn’t been executed yet! It has only been set up. Here’s how you start the request:
By calling the
resume()
function on the task
object, the request is executed and the completion handler is invoked at some point. It’s easy to forget calling resume()
, so take note!You can use delegation with URLSessionDelegate instead of completion handlers. I personally find using closures more convenient, especially because you can use promises and PromiseKit to deal with them more easily.
Quickly print the returned response data
Just for fun, let’s check out what we’re actually getting back in the completion handler. Here’s the relevant code:
Quick Note: The above snippet uses trailing closure syntax. When a function’s last parameter accepts a closure, you can write that closure outside the functions parentheses
()
. Makes it much easier to read!When the above code is executed, this is printed out:
- The
data
value prints something like Optional(321 bytes). Hmm, why is that? It’s becausedata
is aData
object, so it has no visual representation yet. We can convert or interpret it as JSON though, but that requires some more code. - The
response
is of typeNSHTTPURLResponse
, a subclass ofURLResponse
, and it contains a ton of data about the response itself. The HTTP status code is200
, and from the HTTP headers we can see that this request passed through Cloudflare. - And the
error
? It’snil
. Fortunately, no errors were passed to the completion handler. That doesn’t mean the request is OK, though!
Properly validate the response data
OK, let’s do some validation in the completion handler. When you’re making HTTP networking requests, you’ll need to validate the following at least:
- Did any errors occur? You can check this with the passed
error
object. - Is the HTTP response code expected?
- Did you get data in the right format?
First, let’s check if
error
is nil
or not. Here’s how:What should you do inside the
error != nil
conditional? Two recommendations:- Call a function that can deal with the response, and take appropriate action, like the example above
- Throw an error with
throw
and use promises to deal with any thrown or passed errors in the chain’s.catch
clause
Then, let’s check if the HTTP status code is OK. Here’s how:
This is what happens:
- The
guardlet
syntax checks if the two conditions evaluate tofalse
, and when that happens theelse
clause is executed. It literally “guards” that these two conditions are true. It’s easiest to read this as: “Guard that response is a HTTPURLResponse and statusCode is between 200 and 299, otherwise call handleServerError().” - The first condition is an optional downcast from
response
of typeURLResponse
toHTTPURLResponse
. This downcast ensures we can use thestatusCode
property on the response, which is only part ofHTTPURLResponse
. - The range
(200..299)
is a sequence of HTTP status codes that are regarded as OK. You can check all HTTP status codes here. So, whenstatusCode
is contained in200..299
, the response is OK. - When it’s not OK, for example if we get a 500 Internal Server Error, the function
handleServerError()
is called and wereturn
the closure.
The next validation we’re going to do, checks the so-called MIME type of the response. This is a value that most webservers return, that explains what the format of the response data is. We’re expecting JSON, so that’s what we’ll check:
The above code uses the same
guardlet
syntax to make sure that response.mimeType
equals application/json. When it doesn’t, we’ll need to respond appropriately and attempt to recover from the error.You see that there’s a great number of errors that can occur, and you’ll need to validate most if not all of them. And we haven’t even dealt with application errors, such as “Incorrect password!” or “Unknown User ID!” It’s a smart idea to consider what kind of errors you’ll encounter, and to come up with a strategy or model to deal with them consistently and reliably.
Convert the response data to JSON
Now that we’re sure that the response is OK, we can parse it to a
JSON
object. Here’s how:And here’s what happens in the above code:
- We’re using the
jsonObject(with:options:)
function of theJSONSerialization
class to serialize the data to JSON. Essentially, the data is read character by character and turned into a JSON object we can more easily read and manipulate. It’s similar to how you read a book word by word, and then turn that into a story in your head. - The optional binding with
try?
is a trick you can temporarily use to silence any errors fromjsonObject(..)
. In short, errors can occur during serialization, and when they do, the return value ofjsonObject(..)
isnil
, and the conditional doesn’t continue executing.
It’s worth noting here that the following is the proper way to deal with errors:
In the above code, errors thrown from the line marked with
try
are caught in the catch
block. We also could have rethrown the error, and dealt with it in another part of the code.When the JSON data is OK, it’s assigned to the
json
constant and printed out. And we can finally see that this is the response data from that URL we started with:Awesome! And here’s the complete code we’ve written so far:
App to open thumb drive bup files on mac. Or Go to the Applications folder on Mac and find the Terminal app in Utilities folder.Step 2: Copy the ISO file in a convenient location so your command doesn't have to be too long. If you did not t have any experience with text command, then this is not recommended because it is too risky to damage the local disk with wrong input. Terminal allows you to do several system-level operations, so don't input anything other than the commands specified in the process outline shown below:Step 1: Click Terminal icon from the Dock.
Quick Tip: If you run the above code in Xcode Playground, it’s smart to use
PlaygroundPage.current.needsIndefiniteExecution = true
to enable infite execution. You can halt the playground again with PlaygroundPage.current.finishExecution()
, for example when the async HTTP request returns. Don’t forget to import PlaygroundSupport
.Making POST Requests With URLSession
Another typical task of HTTP networking is uploading data to a webserver, and specifically making so-called POST requests. Instead of fetching data from a webserver, we’ll now send data back to that webserver.
A good example is logging into a website. Your username and password are sent to the webserver. And this webserver then checks your username and password against what’s stored in the database, and sends a response back. Similarly, when your Twitter app is used to create a new tweet, you send a POST request to the Twitter API with the tweet’s text.
Here’s what we’ll do:
- Set up the HTTP POST request with
URLSession
- Set up the request headers and body
- Make the request with
URLSessionUploadTask
- Print the returned response data
![How to view network requests on app mac free How to view network requests on app mac free](/uploads/1/3/4/2/134243738/492847995.png)
Set up the HTTP POST request with URLSession
Making POST requests with
URLSession
mostly comes down to configuring the request. We’ll do this by adding some data to a URLRequest
object. Here’s how:With the above code, we’re first creating a
session
constant with the shared URLSession
instance, and we set up a URL
object that refers to https://example.com/post
.How To View Network Requests On App Mac Free
Then, with that
url
object we create an instance of URLRequest
and assign it to the request
How do i close unused apps on mac. variable. On the last line we change the httpMethod
to POST.Set up the request headers and body
You can also use the
URLRequest
object to set HTTP Headers. A header is a special parameter that’s sent as part of the request, and it typically contains special information for the webserver or the web application. A good example is the Cookie
header, that’s used to send cookie information back and forth.Let’s add a few headers to the request:
This is fairly easy. You can set a value of a given header field. The first header indicates that the request type is JSON, and the second header is just bogus.
The request needs a body. This is some data, typically text, that’s sent as part of the request message. In our case, it’ll be a JSON object that’s sent as a
Data
object.We’ll start by creating a simple dictionary with some values:
Then, we turn that dictionary into a
Data
object with:With this app, you say what you’re doing, start the timer, and stop it when you’re done. https://lfnahmo.weebly.com/blog/mac-productivity-apps-2014. Mac App Store is the simplest way to find and download apps for your Mac. To download apps from the Mac App Store, you need a Mac with OS X 10.6.6 or later. AirMail ($1.99): The Apple Mail app is good, but you may want a bit more than it offers.
![Network Network](https://help.sumologic.com/@api/deki/files/6910/CiscoMeraki_Security_Threats.png?revision=2)
The above step uses that same
JSONSerialization
class that we used before, but this time it does the exact opposite: turn an object into a Data
object, that uses the JSON format.It also uses
try!
to disable error handling, but keep in mind that in a production app you’ll need to handle errors appropriately.Make the request with URLSessionUploadTask
We can now send the
jsonData
to the webserver with a URLSessionUploadTask
instance. It’s similar to what we’ve done before, except that we’ll use the request and the data to create the task, instead of just the URL.How To View Network Requests On App Mac Os
Here’s how:
In the above code we’re creating an upload task with
session.uploadTask(..
, and provide request
and jsonData
as parameters. Instead of creating a simple data task, the above request will include those headers, body and URL we configured. As before, we can specify a completion handler, and the request is started once we call task.resume()
.Print the returned response data
Inside the completion handler we should validate the response, and take appropriate action. For now, it’s OK to just read the response data with:
The above code uses optional binding to turn the
data
optional into a String
instance. And because the https://example.com/post
URL doesn’t respond to POST requests, we get a nice error message in HTML format:And with the following code we can see that the HTTP status code is actually
404NotFound
. Like this:Awesome!
Quick Tip: If you want to debug network requests, I recommend Charles Proxy. And if you want to inspect or mock requests and webservice APIs, check out the excellent Paw app.
Learn how to build iOS apps
Get started with iOS 14 and Swift 5
Sign up for my iOS development course, and learn how to build great iOS 14 apps with Swift 5 and Xcode 12.
Further Reading
This little dance you do when making HTTP request is inherent to how the internet works. You request a resource from a webserver, validate the response, and take appropriate action.
On iOS, you can use
URLSession
to set up and make networking requests. It’s as straightforward as it gets, with practical objects such as HTTPURLResponse
that give insight into what’s happening.Want to learn more? Check out these resources: